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May 15, 2023, by CRPM
In today’s fast-paced and demanding society, burnout has become an increasingly prevalent issue. But did you know that the term “burnout” was actually coined by a German-American psychologist named Dr. Herbert Freudenberger in the 1970s? Dr. Freudenberger conducted extensive research on the subject and identified 12 stages of burnout, which he outlined in his seminal paper “Staff Burn-Out.”
While not everyone will experience burnout in the same way, it is important to recognize the symptoms and seek support before burnout takes a toll on one’s mental and physical health, as well as their personal and professional life.
In this article, we will review the 12 stages of burnout in more depth to ensure that you are aware of the warning signs of burnout early on before they reach crisis levels.
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The 12 Stages of Burnout
Dr. Herbert Freudenberger was a German American psychologist who is credited with coining the term “burnout.” He conducted research on the subject and published a seminal paper in 1974, titled “Staff Burn-Out”, which outlined the symptoms and stages of burnout experienced by professionals working in the human services industry.
Dr. Freudenberger defined the 12-stages of burnout as:
· Stage 1: Compulsion to Prove Oneself
· Stage 2: Working Harder
· Stage 3: Neglecting One’s Own Needs
· Stage 4: Displacement of Conflicts
· Stage 5: Revision of Values
· Stage 6: Denial of Emerging Problems
· Stage 7: Withdrawal from Social and Professional Activities
· Stage 8: Obvious Behavior Changes
· Stage 9: Depersonalization
· Stage 10: Inner Emptiness
· Stage 11: Depression
· Stage 12: Burnout Syndrome
It’s important to note that not everyone who experiences burnout will go through all 12 stages, and some people may experience the stages in a different order or to a different degree. Burnout is a serious issue that can have significant impacts on an individual’s mental and physical health, as well as their work and personal life.
Stage 1: Compulsion to Prove Oneself
The first stage of burnout, the “compulsion to prove oneself,” refers to the tendency of individuals to work harder and longer in an attempt to prove their worth and competence. They may set unrealistically high standards for themselves, driven by a desire to succeed and meet the expectations of others.
In this stage, individuals may work late hours, take on additional responsibilities, and push themselves to excel, even if it means sacrificing their personal life, health, and well-being. They may also have a strong need for approval and validation from their colleagues and superiors, seeking recognition and praise for their hard work and accomplishments.
Over time, this drive to prove oneself can become unsustainable and lead to feelings of exhaustion, frustration, and burnout. The individual may start to feel overwhelmed, anxious, and stressed as the demands of work continue to pile up, and their efforts to meet these demands are no longer sustainable. This can result in a vicious cycle of working harder to compensate for the exhaustion and stress, which in turn can lead to further burnout and a decline in work performance.
To prevent burnout in this stage, it’s important for individuals to recognize the signs of stress and take steps to manage their workload and expectations. This may involve setting realistic goals, taking breaks, and seeking support from colleagues and superiors. Additionally, seeking professional help from a mental health provider can also be beneficial in managing stress and preventing burnout in the early stages.
Stage 2: Working Harder
The second stage of burnout, “working harder,” builds upon the first stage of “compulsion to prove oneself.” At this stage, individuals may start to work longer hours, take on more responsibilities, and try to do more in less time to compensate for their perceived inadequacies or to meet their high standards.
In this stage, individuals may feel a sense of urgency and anxiety about their work, leading them to prioritize their work over other aspects of their life, such as their health, family, and relationships. They may feel that they need to work harder and longer to keep up with their workload and responsibilities, leading to a chronic state of stress and fatigue.
Working harder can be a response to a sense of pressure to meet deadlines, maintain productivity, or fulfill the expectations of colleagues and superiors. The constant pressure and stress can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion, which can have a negative impact on work performance, personal relationships, and overall quality of life.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to take a step back and reassess their workload and expectations. This may involve setting realistic goals, prioritizing tasks, and learning to say no to additional responsibilities when necessary. Taking breaks and engaging in self-care activities such as exercise, meditation, or spending time with loved ones can also be helpful in managing stress and preventing burnout. It’s important to remember that working harder is not always the answer, and that taking care of oneself is crucial for long-term success and well-being.
Stage 3: Neglecting One’s Own Needs
The third stage of burnout, “neglecting one’s own needs,” occurs when individuals become so consumed with their work that they start to neglect their personal needs, such as physical health, emotional well-being, and relationships.
In this stage, individuals may start to prioritize their work above everything else, leading to a lack of self-care and neglect of important aspects of their lives. They may start to feel disconnected from themselves and those around them, leading to a sense of isolation and loneliness.
Neglecting one’s own needs can also manifest in physical symptoms, such as fatigue, headaches, and chronic pain, as well as emotional symptoms, such as irritability, anxiety, and depression. These symptoms can have a significant impact on work performance and personal relationships, further exacerbating feelings of burnout.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to prioritize self-care and take steps to address their physical and emotional needs. This may involve seeking support from loved ones, taking time off work to rest and recharge, and engaging in activities that promote mental and physical well-being, such as exercise, meditation, and therapy.
It’s important to recognize that neglecting one’s own needs is not sustainable and can have serious consequences for both personal and professional life. Taking care of oneself is crucial for preventing burnout and maintaining long-term success and well-being.
Stage 4: Displacement of Conflicts
In the fourth stage of burnout, “displacement of conflicts,” individuals may begin to experience a range of negative emotions, such as frustration, anger, and resentment, as a result of their workload and work environment.
However, rather than addressing the root causes of these feelings, individuals may start to redirect their frustrations onto other people or things that are not related to the source of the problem. This displacement of conflicts can lead to strained relationships with colleagues, friends, and family members, as well as a sense of being disconnected from one’s work and purpose.
In this stage, individuals may start to engage in behaviors such as procrastination, avoidance, and blaming others for their problems. These behaviors can further contribute to feelings of burnout and can make it difficult to address the underlying causes of stress and dissatisfaction.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to develop strategies to address the root causes of their negative emotions and work to resolve conflicts in a constructive manner. This may involve setting boundaries, communicating more effectively with colleagues and superiors, and seeking support from a therapist or other mental health professional.
It’s important to recognize that displacement of conflicts is a natural response to stress and burnout, but it can also be harmful if left unchecked. By addressing the root causes of negative emotions and developing healthy coping mechanisms, individuals can prevent burnout and maintain a positive and productive work environment.
Stage 5: Revision of Values
In the fifth stage of burnout, “revision of values,” individuals may begin to question their values and beliefs, particularly as they relate to their work and career. This stage can be characterized by a sense of disillusionment, as individuals may start to feel that their work is no longer aligned with their personal values and goals.
In this stage, individuals may start to feel a sense of apathy or detachment from their work and may begin to question the purpose and meaning of what they are doing. They may also start to reassess their priorities and goals, as they search for a deeper sense of purpose and fulfillment in their lives.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals may need to engage in a process of self-reflection and exploration, in order to identify their core values and what is most important to them. This may involve seeking guidance from a therapist or mentor, as well as experimenting with different approaches to work and life.
It’s important to recognize that revision of values is a natural and healthy part of personal growth and development, and can lead to greater satisfaction and fulfillment in both personal and professional life. By remaining open to new experiences and opportunities, individuals can find meaning and purpose in their work, even in the face of burnout.
Stage 6: Denial of Emerging Problems
In the sixth stage of burnout, “denial of emerging problems,” individuals may start to experience a sense of denial about the extent of their burnout and the impact it is having on their personal and professional life.
In this stage, individuals may try to rationalize their symptoms or dismiss them as normal or temporary, rather than acknowledging the seriousness of their situation. They may also be reluctant to seek help or support, fearing that doing so will be seen as a sign of weakness or failure.
Denial of emerging problems can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including physical and emotional health problems, strained relationships, and decreased work performance.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to acknowledge the reality of their situation and take steps to address their symptoms and underlying causes. This may involve seeking support from a therapist or other mental health professional, as well as making changes to their work environment or workload to reduce stress and improve well-being.
It’s important to recognize that denial of emerging problems is a common and understandable response to burnout, but it can also be detrimental if left unchecked. By facing the reality of their situation and taking action to address their symptoms and needs, individuals can prevent burnout and maintain a positive and fulfilling work environment.
Stage 7: Withdrawal from Social and Professional Activities
In the seventh stage of burnout, “withdrawal from social and professional activities,” individuals may begin to isolate themselves from others and avoid social and professional activities that they once enjoyed. This stage is characterized by a sense of disconnection and detachment from others, as well as a lack of motivation and energy.
In this stage, individuals may feel overwhelmed by the demands of their work and personal life, and may struggle to find the energy or motivation to engage in activities that were once meaningful to them. They may also feel a sense of shame or embarrassment about their burnout, which can further contribute to their withdrawal from social and professional activities.
Withdrawal from social and professional activities can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including increased feelings of loneliness and depression, decreased work performance, and strained relationships.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to make a concerted effort to stay connected to others and to engage in activities that bring them joy and fulfillment. This may involve seeking support from friends, family, or colleagues, as well as finding new hobbies or activities that can help to reduce stress and promote well-being.
It’s important to recognize that withdrawal from social and professional activities is a common and understandable response to burnout, but it can also be detrimental if left unchecked. By staying connected to others and engaging in activities that bring them joy and fulfillment, individuals can prevent burnout and maintain a positive and fulfilling work environment.
Stage 8: Obvious Behavior Changes
In the eighth stage of burnout, “obvious behavior changes,” individuals may begin to display noticeable changes in their behavior, both at work and in their personal life. These changes may include mood swings, irritability, and a lack of focus or concentration.
In this stage, individuals may find it increasingly difficult to manage their emotions and may struggle to maintain their usual level of professionalism or interpersonal skills. They may also begin to withdraw further from others and may become increasingly isolated.
Obvious behavior changes can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including strained relationships, decreased work performance, and potential disciplinary action from employers.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to recognize the signs of burnout and take steps to address their symptoms and underlying causes. This may involve seeking support from a therapist or other mental health professional, as well as making changes to their work environment or workload to reduce stress and improve well-being.
It’s important to recognize that obvious behavior changes are a common and understandable response to burnout, but they can also be detrimental if left unchecked. By acknowledging the reality of their situation and taking action to address their symptoms and needs, individuals can prevent burnout and maintain a positive and fulfilling work environment.
Stage 9: Depersonalization
In the ninth stage of burnout, “depersonalization” includes dehumanizing those one serves,” individuals may begin to view their clients, customers, or colleagues as objects or obstacles rather than as human beings with individual needs and feelings.
In this stage, individuals may develop a sense of cynicism or detachment towards others, which can lead to a lack of empathy or compassion. They may also become increasingly critical or judgmental towards others, and may struggle to form meaningful relationships or connections with those around them.
Depersonalization can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including decreased job satisfaction, increased conflict and tension in the workplace, and decreased quality of care or service.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to recognize the signs of depersonalization and take steps to address their symptoms and underlying causes. This may involve seeking support from a therapist or other mental health professional, as well as making changes to their work environment or workload to reduce stress and improve well-being.
It’s important to recognize that depersonalization is a common and understandable response to burnout, but it can also be detrimental if left unchecked. By acknowledging the humanity of those around them and taking steps to re-engage with others, individuals can prevent burnout and maintain a positive and fulfilling work environment.
Stage 10: Inner Emptiness
In the tenth stage of burnout, “inner emptiness,” individuals may experience a sense of emotional numbness or emptiness, as well as a loss of meaning or purpose in their work and personal life.
In this stage, individuals may struggle to find joy or satisfaction in their daily activities and may feel disconnected from those around them. They may also experience a sense of existential despair or hopelessness, as they question the value or meaning of their work and their life as a whole.
Inner emptiness can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including decreased motivation, increased feelings of isolation, and a further erosion of one’s sense of self-worth.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to recognize the signs of inner emptiness and take steps to address their symptoms and underlying causes. This may involve seeking support from a therapist or other mental health professional, as well as exploring new hobbies or activities that bring a sense of purpose and joy.
It’s important to recognize that inner emptiness is a common and understandable response to burnout, but it can also be a sign that more significant changes are needed to address the underlying causes of burnout. By acknowledging their feelings and taking proactive steps to address their symptoms and needs, individuals can prevent burnout and cultivate a greater sense of meaning and purpose in their work and personal life.
Stage 11: Depression
In the “depression” stage of burnout, individuals may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair that can interfere with their ability to function in their daily life.
In this stage, individuals may struggle with low mood, loss of appetite, disrupted sleep, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. They may also experience a loss of interest in activities that they once enjoyed, and may withdraw from social and professional interactions.
Depression can further exacerbate burnout and can lead to a range of negative consequences, including decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and decreased overall well-being.
To prevent burnout in this stage, individuals need to recognize the signs of depression and take steps to address their symptoms and underlying causes. This may involve seeking support from a mental health professional, as well as making changes to their work environment or workload to reduce stress and improve well-being.
It’s important to recognize that depression is a serious and treatable condition, and that seeking help is a sign of strength rather than weakness. By addressing depression and its underlying causes, individuals can prevent burnout and cultivate a greater sense of well-being and resilience.
Stage 12: Burnout Syndrome
The final stage of burnout, “burnout syndrome,” represents a complete physical and emotional collapse. At this stage, individuals may experience a range of physical and psychological symptoms, including chronic fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and a compromised immune system.
In this stage, individuals may feel completely overwhelmed and unable to cope with the demands of their work or personal life. They may experience a loss of motivation and a sense of detachment from their work, colleagues, and loved ones.
Burnout syndrome can have serious long-term consequences for an individual’s health and well-being, and may require extensive medical and psychological intervention to address.
To prevent burnout syndrome, it is important to recognize the signs of burnout early on and take proactive steps to address the underlying causes. This may involve seeking professional help, making changes to one’s work environment or workload, and prioritizing self-care activities such as exercise, healthy eating, and regular sleep.
It is important to recognize that burnout is a serious condition that can have significant long-term consequences if left untreated. By taking proactive steps to prevent and address burnout, individuals can cultivate greater resilience, well-being, and a more sustainable approach to work and life.
Conclusion
Catching the signs of burnout early is crucial for preventing it from taking a toll on an individual’s mental and physical health, as well as their work and personal life. Burnout is often accompanied by symptoms such as exhaustion, cynicism, and a reduced sense of accomplishment, which can make it difficult to perform daily tasks and interact with others. Left unchecked, burnout can lead to serious mental and physical health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and chronic stress. Additionally, burnout can negatively impact an individual’s job performance and personal relationships, leading to a decreased quality of life.
By recognizing the early signs of burnout, individuals can take steps to prevent it from escalating. This may include seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional, taking time off work, practicing self-care activities such as meditation or exercise, and setting boundaries to prevent work from spilling over into personal time. These proactive measures can help individuals maintain their mental and physical health, prevent burnout from taking a toll on their work and personal life, and ultimately lead to a happier and more fulfilling life. In short, catching the signs of burnout early is vital for maintaining overall well-being and preventing the negative impacts of burnout from taking hold.
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